Internalisiasi Nilai Permainan Tradional Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5–6 Tahun Melalui Permainan Engklek Di TK Negeri 02 Pringgasela

Authors

  • Juarni Asri Institut Agama Islam Hamzanwadi Pancor Lombok Timur
  • Masjudin Institut Agama Isalam Hamzanwadi Pancor Lombok Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37216/fikroh.v10i1.3624

Keywords:

early childhood; engklek; gross motor skills; traditional games; balance; coordination

Abstract

This study describes the implementation of traditional hopscotch (engklek), observable changes in gross-motor behavior among children aged 5–6 years, and the constraints and teacher strategies emerging during classroom practice at TK Negeri 02 Pringgasela. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using repeated observation, a semi-structured teacher interview, documentation, and field notes. Data were collected in four sessions on 7, 8, 9, and 12 September 2026. Analysis focused on balance, coordination, agility, and movement accuracy through data condensation, thematic display, cross-session comparison, and technique triangulation. The findings show that engklek creates a structured movement environment involving single-leg support, one-to-two-foot transitions, directional changes, landing control, and target foot placement. During the initial session, some children hesitated, lost balance, paused to organize body position, or stepped on boundary lines. Across subsequent sessions, movements became smoother, corrective responses improved, arm and visual coordination became more functional, and line-stepping errors decreased. Agility appeared to develop most rapidly, while balance and coordination continued to require repeated stimulation. Pedagogical effectiveness was supported by teacher demonstration, turn-taking routines, graduated assistance without taking over the child's movement, positive reinforcement, and adaptation to individual ability. The study indicates that engklek can function as a culturally grounded, low-cost, and contextually meaningful form of gross-motor stimulation in early childhood education; however, the findings are descriptive and should not be interpreted as causal evidence.

References

Adi, B. S., Irianto, D. P., & Sukarmin, Y. (2022). Teachers' perspectives on motor learning with traditional game approach among early children. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i1.36843

Alonso-Martínez, L., Ramírez-Vélez, R., García-Hermoso, A., Izquierdo, M., & Alonso-Martínez, A. M. (2025). Improving preschool fundamental motor skills through interventions targeting 24-hour movement behaviors and socioecological factors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 22(9), 1076-1085. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2024-0704

Al-walah, M. A., Donnelly, M., Cunningham, C., & Heron, N. (2023). Which behaviour change techniques are associated with interventions that increase physical activity in pre-school children? A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 23, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16885-0

Aziz, A., Hadi, Y. A., Ramdan, A. Y., & Triyanto, M. (2023). Implementasi permainan tradisional dengklak dalam meningkatkan motorik kasar anak autis usia dini. Jurnal Golden Age, 7(1).

Bai, M., Lin, N., Yu, J. J., Teng, Z., & Xu, M. (2024). The effect of planned active play on the fundamental movement skills of preschool children. Human Movement Science, 96, 103241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103241

Bourke, M., Haddara, A., Loh, A., Carson, V., Breau, B., & Tucker, P. (2023). Adherence to the World Health Organization's physical activity recommendation in preschool-aged children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of accelerometer studies. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 20, 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01450-0

Chen, D., Zhao, G., Fu, J., Shun, S., Su, L., He, Z., Chen, R., Jiang, T., Hu, X., Li, Y., & Shen, F. (2024). Effects of structured and unstructured interventions on fundamental motor skills in preschool children: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1345566. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345566

Darmawati, N. B., & Widyasari, C. (2022). Permainan tradisional engklek dalam meningkatkan motorik kasar anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(6), 6827-6836. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i6.3487

Dobell, A. P., Faghy, M. A., Pringle, A., & Roscoe, C. M. P. (2023). Improving fundamental movement skills during early childhood: An intervention mapping approach. Children, 10(6), 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10061004

Engel, A., Broderick, C., van Doorn, N., Hardy, L., Ward, R., Kwai, N., & Parmenter, B. (2022). Effect of a fundamental motor skills intervention on fundamental motor skill and physical activity in a preschool setting: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Exercise Science, 34(2), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2021-0021

Fauzi, R. A., Suherman, A., Saptani, E., Dinangsit, D., & Rahman, A. A. (2023). The impact of traditional games on fundamental motor skills and participation in elementary school students. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(6), 1368-1375. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110622

Fernández-Valero, P. B., Soto-Sánchez, J., & Muñoz Lara, M. (2023). Effects of interventions on fundamental motor skills and physical activity in preschoolers: Systematic review. Retos, 48, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.96549

Goodway, J. D., Ozmun, J. C., & Gallahue, D. L. (2021). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (8th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Grady, A., Lorch, R., Giles, L., Lamont, H., Anderson, A., Pearson, N., Romiti, M., Lum, M., Stuart, A., Leigh, L., & Yoong, S. L. (2025). The impact of early childhood education and care-based interventions on child physical activity, anthropometrics, fundamental movement skills, cognitive functioning, and social-emotional wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 26(2), e13852. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13852

Gulo, C. P., Gulo, C. E., Gulo, C. S. E., Lombu, S., & Nazara, W. Y. (2025). Permainan tradisional engklek untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar anak usia dini. Jurnal Ilmiah STOK Bina Guna Medan, 13(1), 30-39. https://doi.org/10.55081/jsbg.v13i1.3703

Haugland, E. S., Nilsen, A. K. O., Vabø, K. B., Pesce, C., Bartholomew, J., Okely, A. D., Tjomsland, H. E., Aadland, K. N., & Aadland, E. (2024). Effects of a staff-led multicomponent physical activity intervention on preschooler's fundamental motor skills and physical fitness: The ACTNOW cluster-randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 21, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01616-4

Johnson, J. L., Jenkins, E., Breault, K., & Uanhoro, J. O. (2025). Intra and inter skill changes in preschoolers fundamental motor skills. Journal of Motor Behavior, 57(3), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2025.2475187

Johnstone, A., McCrorie, P., Cordovil, R., Fjørtoft, I., Iivonen, S., Jidovtseff, B., Lopes, F., Reilly, J. J., Thomson, H., Wells, V., & Martin, A. (2022). Nature-based early childhood education and children's physical activity, sedentary behavior, motor competence, and other physical health outcomes: A mixed-methods systematic review. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 19(6), 456-472. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0760

Khodaverdi, Z., O'Brien, W., Duncan, M., & Clark, C. C. T. (2022). Motor competence interventions in children and adolescents-theoretical and atheoretical approaches: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(20), 2233-2266. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2148897

Laely, K., Madyawati, L., Hermahayu, Rizki, S. F., & Nugraheni, C. (2023). Implementation of outdoor learning activity (OLA) to develop motor ability of early childhood. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v12i1.68623

Liu, Y., Li, Z., Yuan, L., & Zhou, Z. (2023). The bidirectional correlation between fundamental motor skill and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Children, 10(9), 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10091504

Li, Y., Ler, H. Y., Zhang, D., & Su, L. (2026). Fundamental motor skill interventions significantly improve executive functions and social-emotional competence in preschoolers: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1721589. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1721589

Malambo, C., Nová, A., Clark, C., & Musálek, M. (2022). Associations between fundamental movement skills, physical fitness, motor competency, physical activity, and executive functions in pre-school age children: A systematic review. Children, 9(7), 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9071059

Maria, I., & Puteh, M.-o. (2025). Screen time vs. active play: How digital exposure impacts the acquisition of fundamental motor skills in early childhood. Al-Athfal: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 11(1), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.14421/al-athfal.2025.111-10

Martín-García, A., & Rico-González, M. (2024). The effect of free play on preschoolers' physical activity level and motor, cognitive, and socioemotional competences: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 32(3), 429-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2023.2259641

McGuckin, T., Turner, D., Jones, T., Crowther, F., Eagers, J., & Connor, J. (2024). Impact of a fundamental movement skills program on educator practice in early learning centres. Discover Education, 3, 94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00193-9

Navarro-Patón, R., Canosa-Pasantes, F., Mecías-Calvo, M., & Arufe-Giráldez, V. (2024). Is it possible to improve motor competence through a structured balance bike program in preschool children aged 3 to 6 years? Sports, 12(3), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12030083

Palmer, S. A., Palmer, K. K., Arslanian, J. P., & Robinson, L. E. (2026). Fundamental motor skills and physical activity: Short-term but not sustained associations between improved locomotor skills and preschoolers' physical activity following a motor skill intervention. Pediatric Exercise Science, 38(3), 250-258. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2025-0003

Pawlowski, C. S., Madsen, C. D., Toftager, M., Amholt, T. T., & Schipperijn, J. (2023). The role of playgrounds in the development of children’s fundamental movement skills: A scoping review. PLOS ONE, 18(12), e0294296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294296

Roscoe, C. M. P., Taylor, N., Weir, N., Flynn, R. J., & Pringle, A. (2024). Impact and implementation of an early years fundamental motor skills intervention for children 4-5 years. Children, 11(4), 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11040416

Spring, K. E., Lang, D., Pangelinan, M. M., & Wadsworth, D. D. (2024). Effects of an 8-week active play intervention on body composition and fundamental motor skills in preschool children. Children, 11(10), 1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11101173

Stevenson, A., Wainwright, N., & Williams, A. (2023). Interventions targeting motor skills in pre-school-aged children with direct or indirect parent engagement: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. Education 3-13, 51(6), 1003-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2034174

Tortella, P., Haga, M., Lorås, H., Fumagalli, G. F., & Sigmundsson, H. (2022). Effects of free play and partly structured playground activity on motor competence in preschool children: A pragmatic comparison trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137652

Veiga, G., Guerreiro, D., Pomar, C., Almeida, G., Rebocho, C., & Marmeleira, J. (2025). Effects of an outdoor play-based intervention on preschoolers' fundamental movement skill competence: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Early Education and Development, 1809-1820. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2025.2532220

Widyawan, D., Sujarwo, & Andrianto, S. D. (2024). Menganalisis dan membandingkan keterampilan gerak dasar anak di taman kanak-kanak (tradisional dan berbasis alam). Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v20i2.75925

Wijaya, R. G., & Fitri, E. S. M. (2023). Traditional game based on e-learning method to improve the basic locomotor movements. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v19i1.73698

Wilhite, B. C., Chui, K., Sacheck, J. M., Hatfield, D. P., Morris, M., Ziembowicz, M., Herrick, S., & Hennessy, E. (2025). Getting an active start: Assessing the impact of a physical literacy-based intervention on preschool-aged children's fundamental movement skills, motor competency and behavioral self-regulation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(12), 1861. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22121861

Zhang, D., Soh, K. G., Chan, Y. M., & Zaremohzzabieh, Z. (2024). Effect of intervention programs to promote fundamental motor skills among typically developing children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 156, 107320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107320

Zhang, J.-Y., Shen, Q.-Q., Wang, D.-L., Hou, J.-M., Xia, T., Qiu, S., Wang, X.-Y., Zhou, S.-B., Yang, W.-W., Heng, S.-Y., Lu, C.-C., Cui, L., & Yin, H.-C. (2022). Physical activity intervention promotes working memory and motor competence in preschool children. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 984887. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.984887

Zhang, S., Liu, M., Sun, J., Chong, J., & Ma, J. (2025). The effect of CHIN-SKIP sports game intervention on motor ability in preschool children aged 5-6 years. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1643521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1643521

Zheng, Y., Ye, W., Korivi, M., et al. (2022). Gender differences in fundamental motor skills proficiency in children aged 3-6 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148318

Downloads

Published

2026-09-25

How to Cite

Juarni Asri, & Masjudin. (2026). Internalisiasi Nilai Permainan Tradional Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5–6 Tahun Melalui Permainan Engklek Di TK Negeri 02 Pringgasela. Fikroh Jurnal Studi Islam, 10(1), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.37216/fikroh.v10i1.3624